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Company Description
Baidu World Technology Conference (Press Release).
Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese international innovation company concentrating on Internet services and synthetic intelligence. It holds a dominant position in China’s online search engine market (by means of Baidu Search), and supplies a wide array of other internet services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based discussion online forum).
Besides its core web search organization, Baidu has actually diversified into numerous high-growth areas. The business is a leading player in autonomous driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and wise consumer electronic devices (Xiaodu). [4] With over a years of investment in expert system, Baidu is one of the couple of tech business internationally to offer a full-stack AI stack, consisting of software application, chips, cloud infrastructure, structure designs, and applications. [5]
The holding business of the group is integrated in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was incorporated in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier search engine established by Robin Li in 1996, before he established Baidu in 2000. [6] The business is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]
In December 2007, Baidu became the first Chinese company to be included in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] As of May 2018, Baidu’s market cap rose to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu became the very first Chinese firm to join the United States-based computer ethics consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has increasingly concentrated on generative AI related products. [13]
The Chinese federal government views Baidu as one of its national champ corporations. [14]:156 -157
Early development
In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) joined IDD Information Services, a New Jersey department of Dow Jones and Company, where he assisted develop software for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He likewise worked on establishing much better algorithms for online search engine and remained at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.
In 1996, while at IDD, Li established the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for online search engine results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and received a United States patent for the technology. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the very first search engine that utilized hyperlinks to measure the quality of sites it was indexing. [19] Li described his search mechanism as “link analysis,” which included ranking the popularity of a web site based upon the number of other websites had linked to it. [20] It preceded the similar PageRank algorithm used by Google two years later on in 1998; [21] Google founder Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later used his RankDex technology for the Baidu search engine.
Baidu was integrated on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu enabled marketers to bid for ad space then pay Baidu every time a consumer clicked an ad, preceding Google’s approach to marketing. [20] In 2003, Baidu released a news online search engine and image online search engine, adopting a special recognition technology capable of recognizing and grouping the posts. [23]
2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ
Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]
In 2007, Chinese government and Chinese industry sources stated that Baidu got a license from Beijing, which enables the search engine to end up being a full-fledged news website. Thus Baidu has the ability to provide its own reports, besides revealing specific outcomes as a search engine. Baidu was the first Chinese online search engine to receive such a license. [25]
Baidu started its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the company’s first routine service beyond China in 2008. [26] The Japanese search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]
On 31 July 2012, Baidu announced that it would partner with Sina to supply mobile search engine result. [28]
On 18 November 2012, Baidu revealed that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to use complimentary cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]
On 2 August 2013, Baidu launched its Personal Assistant app, designed to help CEOs, supervisors and the white-collar employees manage their company relationships. [30]
On 16 May 2014, Baidu appointed Dr. Andrew Ng as chief researcher. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]
On 18 July 2014, the company launched a Brazilian variation of the online search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]
On 9 October 2014, Baidu revealed acquisition of Brazilian regional Peixe Urbano. [33]
2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business
In April 2017, Baidu announced the launch of its Apollo project (Apolong), a self-driving automobile platform, in a bid to assist drive the development of self-governing vehicles including car platform, hardware platform, open-source software platform and cloud information services. [34] Baidu prepares to release this task in July 2017, before gradually introducing totally autonomous driving abilities on highways and open city roads by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu released a $1.5 billion autonomous driving fund to invest in as lots of as 100 self-governing driving tasks over the occurring 3 years. [36] At the exact same time, Apollo open-source software application variation 1.5 was also launched. [37]
In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, car market providers, on automated driving and linked cars and trucks. [38]
In July 2017, Baidu GBU participated in a collaboration with Snap Inc. to function as the business’s official ad reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The collaboration was extended in 2019. [40]
In September 2017, Baidu presented a new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in numerous different languages. Smaller than a normal smart device, the 140-gram translation gadget can also be used as a portable Wi-Fi router and has the ability to run on networks in 80 countries. It is still under advancement. Baidu will also be inserting expert system (AI) innovation into mobile phones, through its deep learning platform. [41] [42] At the very same duration, it has actually also led a joint investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, obtaining 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]
In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would launch self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the same month, Baidu revealed that its first annual Baidu World innovation conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, bringing together Baidu executives, employees, partners, developers, and media to discuss the company’s objective and strategy, innovation developments, new item developments, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) environment. [48]
China’s federal government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champs” in 2018. [49]:281
In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU service” portion of its abroad service, which established a series of energy apps including ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, etc. [50] This organization now runs separately of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]
2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing
In March 2021, Baidu secured a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock market, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the biggest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese business in Hong Kong considering that JD.com’s listing the previous June.
In August 2021 Baidu exposed a new Robocar concept stated to be efficient in Level 5 autonomous driving. [52] It likewise includes the newest second-generation AI chip that can evaluate the internal and external environments to provide predictive ideas to proactively serve the requirements of travelers.
In June 2022, Jidu Auto, an intelligent electric car business originally backed by Baidu and Geely revealed its first principle ROBO-01 in the form of a pre-production lorry. The ROBO-01 trips on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electrical vehicle platform developed by Geely Holding. [53]
In August 2023, Baidu unveiled its ChatGPT-equivalent language model Ernie Bot openly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu launched a more recent variation Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]
Since April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s autonomous ride-hailing service, had actually completed 6 million trips utilizing driverless robotaxis throughout 11 cities. The service operates a fleet of over 400 driverless lorries in Wuhan. [56]
Domain redirection attack
On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were modified such that browsers to baidu.com were redirected to a website purporting to be the Iranian Cyber Army, believed to lag the attack on Twitter during the 2009 Iranian election demonstrations, making the proper site unusable for four hours. [57] Internet users were met a page saying “This site has actually been assaulted by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later responded by assaulting Iranian sites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later launched legal action against Register.com for gross carelessness after it was exposed that Register.com’s technical assistance staff changed the email address for Baidu.com on the request of an unnamed individual, in spite of failing security confirmation procedures. Once the address had actually been changed, the person had the ability to use the forgotten password feature to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent out directly to them, permitting them to accomplish the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The suit was settled out of court under undisclosed terms after Register.com released an apology. [62]
Baidu employees detained
On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that three staff members of Baidu were apprehended on suspicion that they accepted bribes. The bribes were presumably paid for deleting posts from the forum service. Four individuals were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]
91 Wireless acquisition
On 16 July 2013, Baidu announced its intention to purchase 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best known for its app shop, however it has actually been reported that the app store deals with privacy and other legal problems. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu revealed that its entirely owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has actually signed a conclusive merger contract to obtain 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the biggest deal ever in China’s IT sector. [66]
Name
The name Baidu (百度) literally implies “a hundred times”, or alternatively, “countless times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) saying: “Having searched numerous times in the crowd, unexpectedly reversing, she exists in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]
Services
Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service managed by Baidu. Since 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its initial public offering that year. [69] It is listed at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements
Baidu’s primary advertising product is called Baidu Tuiguang and resembles Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click advertising platform that permits marketers to have their advertisements shown in Baidu search results pages and on other websites that are part of Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search outcomes are likewise based upon payments by advertisers. This has actually prompted criticism and skepticism amongst Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on problems relating to reliability of Baidu results. Often as lots of as the first 2 pages of search results tend to be paid advertisers. [71]
Baidu offers its marketing products by means of a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it tough for non-Chinese speakers to use. In 2012, a third-party business established a tool with a user interface in English for advertising on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu must have a registered organization address either in China or in defined East Asian nations. [75]
Competition
Baidu [76] takes on Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.
Baidu is the most used online search engine in China, managing 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The variety of Internet users in China had reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]
In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal article, [78] Baidu soft-pedaled its gain from Google’s having moved its China search service to Hong Kong, however Baidu’s share of profits in China’s search-advertising market grew 6 portion points in the 2nd quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research study firm Analysys International.
It is likewise obvious that Baidu is attempting to get in the Internet social network market. As of 2011 [update], it is going over the possibility of working with Facebook, which would lead to a Chinese version of the international social network, handled by Baidu. [79] This strategy, if carried out, would deal with off Baidu with competitors from the three popular Chinese socials media Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] along with induce rivalry with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]
On 22 February 2012, Hudong submitted a grievance to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce requesting a review of the habits of Baidu, implicating it of being monopolistic. [83]
By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest competitor who has actually rebranded its online search engine as so.com, has actually increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]
In February 2015, Baidu was alleged to have used anticompetitive methods in Brazil versus the Brazilian online security company PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the biggest financier of PSafe). [85] [86]
In a continuous competition in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise known as GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]
Research and patents
Baidu has begun to invest in deep learning research study and is integrating brand-new deep knowing technology into some of its apps and products, including Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]
In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live applied for a patent for its “DNA copyright recognition” innovation. This technology automatically scans files that are uploaded by Internet users, and acknowledges and removes content that may break copyright law. This allows Baidu to offer an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]
In April 2022, Baidu announced they acquired licenses from China to supply the first driverless taxis. The company aim to provide driverless ride-hailing services to the public and have 10 self-governing cars and trucks set to start using trips to travelers within a 23-square-mile location in suburban begin beginning 28 April 2022. [91]
In July 2022, Baidu revealed the Apollo RT6, a driverless lorry that is planned to join Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]
According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and restrictive online censor in the search arena. Documents leaked in April 2009 from an employee in Baidu’s internal tracking and censorship department show a long list of blocked websites and censored subjects on Baidu search. [93]
In May 2011, activists sued Baidu in the United States for breaching the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it carries out in accord with the demand of the Chinese federal government. [94] A U.S. judge has ruled [95] that the Chinese search engine Baidu can obstruct works from its question results under flexibility of speech rights, dismissing a lawsuit that looked for to penalize the business. [96] [97]
In 2017, Baidu began collaborating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security along with 372 Internet cops departments to discover information related to “anti-government reports” and after that flooding “Baidu-linked web websites, news sites and gadgets with notifies resolving misinformation.” [98] This was done utilizing natural language processing, huge data and synthetic intelligence. [98]
As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators advised Baidu, together with other Internet business, to “carry out unique supervision” on news and info associated to the illness. [99]
In November 2022, Sustainalytics devalued Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact principles due to complicity with censorship. [100]
Controversies
Death of Wei Zexi
In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search results supposedly added to the death of a trainee who tried a speculative cancer treatment he discovered online. The 21-year-old college trainee was called Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was detected with synovial sarcoma, an unusual type of cancer. He found the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the online search engine Baidu, on which the medical facility had been promoting itself. [101] The treatment showed unsuccessful and Wèi died in April 2016. [101]
After Wei’s family invested around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the hospital, Wei Zexi passed away on 12 April 2016. The occurrence activated massive online discussions after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the top guard dog for China’s Internet space, dispatched a team of investigators to Baidu. [103] The case is still ongoing. One report claimed medical advertising offsets 30% of Baidu’s advertisement revenue, much of which comes from for-profit health centers that come from the “Putian Network”, a collection of health centers throughout the country established by medical entrepreneurs related to the Putian area of Fujian province. [104] The investigation led Chinese regulators to impose a number of limitations on Baidu, consisting of including disclaimers to marketing material and developing channels for complaints about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now largely directs users to contents released on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to declare that “Search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]
Commercialization of Tieba
Baidu offered the hemophilia online neighborhood, among the neighborhoods of Tieba, to unqualified hospitals. In January 2016, Baidu revealed that it will stop offering all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu officially revealed to the public that all Baidu Tieba for all kinds of illness will totally stop commercial cooperation and will only be open to authoritative public well-being companies. In response to Baidu’s decision, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, said that private healthcare facilities have actually gotten in a duration of industry transformation and updating, and are neither based on publishing bar ads nor counting on competitive rankings anymore, so Baidu’s choice will not have an unfavorable influence on the industry. [108]
DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps
On 20 April 2019, it was reported that a number of applications for Android devices developed by the subsidiary business, DO Global (formerly DU Group), were surreptitiously running revenue boosting background programs on user devices considering that at least 2016. [109] These programs, part of 6 known applications established by the business, and downloaded numerous millions times, were clicking web ads – even when the devices were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase revenue created by “clicks”. [109] Just among the apps, all of which were readily available on Google Play Store, had been downloaded 50 million times alone and carried a user ranking of 4.5 stars by tens of thousands. [109]
Google banned DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was likewise banned from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another designer, ES Global, including the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were banned from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]
Block in India
In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was one of several Chinese websites that were prohibited or obstructed in India for national security reasons. [119]
2024 head of interactions controversy
In May 2024, Baidu’s former vice president and head of interactions Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) sparked significant backlashes across the Chinese social networks for endorsing toxic office culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has actually asked a colleague to be on a 50-day service journey throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has actually aroused even more conversations amongst Chinese netizens regarding Baidu’s corporate governance and internal culture. Qu openly said sorry after the occurrence and has presumably lost her task. Baidu’s stock price fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the occurrence. [121] [122]
Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Intellectual property in individuals’s Republic of China.
Software industry in China.
Comparison of web online search engine.
List of search engines.
List of search engines by popularity.
China.
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Internet.
Technology.
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Further reading
– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu founder rules China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia smart devices”.